GATE Textile Engineering and Fibre Science Syllabus:
Section 1: Textile Fibers
Classification of textile fibers; Essential requirements of
fiber forming polymers; Gross and fine structure of natural fibers like cotton,
wool, silk, Introduction to important bast fibres; properties and uses of
natural and man- made fibres including carbon, aramid and ultra high molecular
weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers; physical and chemical methods of fiber and
blend identification and blend analysis.
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Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization, melting, factors affecting Tg and Tm; Production process of viscose and other regenerated cellulosic fibres such as polynosic, lyocell. Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt Spinning processes for PET, polyamide and polypropylene; Wet and dry spinning processes for viscose and acrylic fibres; post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow- to-top conversion and different texturing methods.
Methods of investigating fibre structure e.g., Density,
X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron microscopy, I.R.
spectroscopy, thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA, TGA); structure and morphology of
man-made fibres, mechanical properties of fibres, moisture sorption in fibres;
fibre structure and property correlation.
Section 2: Yarn manufacture, Yarn structure and Properties
Principles of opening, cleaning and mixing/blending of
fibrous materials, working principle of modern opening and cleaning equipment;
the technology of carding, carding of cotton and synthetic fibres; Drafting
operation, roller and apron drafting principle, causes of mass irregularity
introduced by drafting; roller arrangements in drafting systems; principles of
cotton combing, combing cycle, mechanism and function, combing efficiency, lap
preparation; recent developments in comber; Roving production, mechanism of
bobbin building, roving twist; Principle of ring spinning, forces acting on
yarn and traveler, ring & traveler designs,
mechanism of cop formation, causes of end breakages; Working principle of ring
doubler and two for one twister, single and folded yarn twist, properties of
double yarns, production of core spun yarn; Principles of compact, rotor, air
jet, air vortex, core, wrap, twist less and friction spinning.
Yarn contraction, yarn diameter, specific volume &
packing coefficient; Twist factor, twist strength relationship in spun yarns;
Fibre configuration and orientation in yarn; Cause of fibre migration and its
estimation; Irregularity index; Structure property relationship of compact
ring, rotor, air-jet and friction spun yarns.
Section 3: Fabric manufacture, Structure and Properties
Principles of winding processes and machines, random,
precision and step precision winding, package faults and their remedies; Yarn
clearers and tensioners; Different systems of yarn splicing; Features of modern
cone winding machines; Different types of warping creels; features of modern
beam and sectional warping machines; Different sizing systems, sizing of spun
and filament yarns, sizing machines; Principles of pirn winding processes and
machines.
Primary and secondary motions of loom, cam design &
kinematics of sley, effect of their settings and timings on fabric formation,
fabric appearance and weaving performance; Dobby and jacquard shedding;
Mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle, warp and weft stop motions, warp
protection, weft replenishment; Principles of weft insertion systems of
shuttle-less weaving machines; Principles of multiphase and circular looms.
Principles of weft and warp
knitting, basic weft and warp knitted structures; Classification, production,
properties and application of nonwoven fabrics, principle of web formation
& bonding.
Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives;
crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions. Peirce’s
equations for fabric geometry; elastica model of plain woven fabrics;
thickness, cover and maximum set of woven fabrics.
Section 4: Textile Testing
Sampling techniques, sample size and sampling errors;
Measurement of fibre length, fineness, crimp; measurement of cotton fiber
maturity and trash content; High volume fibre testing; Measurement of yarn
count, twist and hairiness; Tensile testing of fibers, yarns and fabrics;
Evenness testing of slivers, rovings and yarns; Classimat fault analysis;
Testing equipment for measurement of fabric properties like thickness,
compressibility, air permeability, wetting & wicking, drape, crease
recovery, tear strength, bursting strength and abrasion resistance; Instruments
and systems for objective evaluation of fabric hand. Statistical analysis of
experimental results, frequency distributions, correlation, significance tests,
analysis of variance and control charts.
Section 5: Chemical processing
Impurities in natural fibre;
Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk;
Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their
blends.
Classification of dyes; Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk,
polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate dye classes; Dyeing of
polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends; Dyeing machines; Dyeing of cotton
knitted fabrics and machines used; Dye fibre interaction; Introduction to
thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; Methods for determination of wash, light
and rubbing fastness.
Styles of printing; Printing
thickeners including synthetic thickeners; Printing auxiliaries; Printing of
cotton with reactive dyes, wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes,
Printing of polyester with disperse dyes; Pigment printing; Resist and
discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester; Transfer printing of polyester;
Inkjet printing.
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