GATE Agricultural Engineering Syllabus:
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants, systems of linear equations, Eigen
values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability; partial derivatives;
maxima and minima; sequences and series; tests for convergence; Fourier series,
Taylor series.
Vector Calculus: Gradient; divergence and curl; line; surface and volume
integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
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Differential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE); Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; Partial Differential Equations - Laplace, heat and wave equations.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation;
random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; correlation and
regression analysis; tests of significance, analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic
equations; numerical integration - trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; numerical
solutions of ODE.
Section 2: Farm Machinery
Machine Design: Design and selection of machine elements – gears, pulleys,
chains and sprockets and belts; overload safety devices used in farm machinery; measurement
of force, torque, speed, displacement and acceleration on machine elements.
Farm Machinery: Soil tillage; forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and
hitching of tillage implements; functional requirements, principles of working,
construction and operation of manual, animal and power operated equipment for
tillage, sowing, planting, fertilizer application, inter-cultivation, spraying,
mowing, chaff cutting, harvesting, threshing and transport; testing of
agricultural machinery and equipment; calculation of performance parameters -
field capacity, efficiency, application rate and losses; cost analysis of
implements and tractors.
Section 3: Farm Power
Sources of Power: Sources of power on the farm - human, animal,
mechanical, electrical, wind, solar and biomass; bio-fuels.
Farm Power:
Thermodynamic principles of I.C. engines; I.C. engine cycles; engine
components; fuels and combustion; lubricants and their properties; I.C. engine systems –
fuel, cooling, lubrication, ignition, electrical, intake and exhaust;
selection, operation, maintenance and repair of I.C. engines; power
efficiencies and measurement; calculation of power, torque, fuel consumption,
heat load and power losses.
Tractors and Powertillers: Type, selection, maintenance and repair of
tractors and powertillers; tractor clutches and brakes; power transmission systems
– gear trains, differential, final drives and power take-off; mechanics of
tractor chassis; traction theory; three point hitches- free link and restrained
link operations; mechanical steering and hydraulic control systems used in
tractors; tractor tests and performance.
Human
engineering and safety in design of tractor and agricultural implements.
Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
Fluid Mechanics: Ideal and real fluids, properties of fluids; hydrostatic
pressure and its measurement; hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surface; continuity equation;
Bernoulli’s theorem; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, Darcy- Weisbach and
Hazen-Williams equations, Moody’s diagram; flow through orifices and notches;
flow in open channels.
Soil Mechanics: Engineering properties of soils; fundamental definitions and
relationships; index properties of soils; permeability and seepage analysis; shear
strength, Mohr’s circle of stress, active and passive earth pressures;
stability of slopes.
Hydrology: Hydrological cycle and components; meteorological parameters,
their measurement and analysis of precipitation data; runoff estimation; hydrograph
analysis, unit hydrograph theory and application; stream flow measurement;
flood routing, hydrological reservoir and channel routing.
Surveying and Leveling: Measurement of distance and area; instruments
for surveying and leveling; chain surveying, methods of traversing; measurement of
angles and bearings, plane table surveying; types of leveling; the dolomite
traversing; contouring; computation of areas and volume.
Soil and Water Erosion: Mechanics of soil erosion, soil erosion types, wind and water
erosion, factors affecting erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and
engineering measures to control erosion; terraces and bunds; vegetative
waterways; gully control structures, drop, drop inlet and chute spillways;
earthen dams.
Watershed Management: Watershed characterization; land use
capability classification; rain water harvesting structures, check dams and farm
ponds.
Section 5: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Soil-Water-Plant Relationship: Water requirement of crops; consumptive use
and evapotranspiration; measurement of infiltration, soil moisture and irrigation water
infiltration.
Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods: Design of
irrigation channels and underground pipelines; irrigation scheduling; surface,
sprinkler and micro irrigation methods, design and evaluation of irrigation
methods; irrigation efficiencies.
Agricultural Drainage: Drainage coefficient; planning, design and
layout of surface and sub-surface drainage systems; leaching requirement and
salinity control; irrigation and drainage water quality and reuse.
Groundwater Hydrology: Groundwater occurrence; Darcy’s Law, steady
flow in confined and unconfined aquifers, evaluation of aquifer properties;
groundwater recharge.
Wells and Pumps: Types of wells, steady flow through wells; classification of
pumps; pump characteristics; pump selection and installation.
Section 6: Agricultural Processing Engineering
Drying: Psychrometry – properties of air-vapors mixture; concentration and drying of
liquid foods – evaporators, tray, drum and spray dryers; hydrothermal treatment;
drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds.
Size Reduction and Conveying: Mechanics and energy requirement in size
reduction of granular solids; particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size separation by
screening; fluidization of granular solids-pneumatic, bucket, screw and belt
conveying; cleaning and grading; effectiveness of grain cleaners; centrifugal
separation of solids, liquids and gases.
Processing and By-product Utilization: Processing of
seeds, spices, fruits and vegetables; By-product utilization from processing industries.
Storage Systems: Controlled and modified atmosphere storage; perishable food
storage, godowns, bins and grain silos.
Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering
Heat and Mass Transfer: Steady state heat transfer in conduction,
convection and radiation; transient heat transfer in simple geometry; working principles
of heat exchangers; diffusive and convective mass transfer; simultaneous heat
and mass transfer in agricultural processing operations; material and energy
balances in food processing systems; water activity, sorption and desorption
isotherms.
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