GATE Biotechnology Syllabus:
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen
values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability, Partial derivatives,
Maxima and minima, Sequences and series, Test for convergence, Fourier Series.
Differential Equations: Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs, higher order ODEs with
constant coefficients,
Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Laplace transforms, PDE-Laplace, heat and wave
equations.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation,
Random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions, Correlation and regression
analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic
equations, Integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, Single and multistep methods for
differential equations.
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Section 2: General Biotechnology
Biochemistry: Biomolecules-structure and functions; Biological membranes,
structure, action potential and transport processes; Enzymes- classification, kinetics and
mechanism of action; Basic concepts and designs of metabolism (carbohydrates,
lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids) photosynthesis, respiration and electron
transport chain; Bioenergetics
Microbiology: Viruses- structure and classification; Microbial classification
and diversity(bacterial, algal and fungal); Methods in microbiology; Microbial growth and
nutrition; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Nitrogen fixation; Microbial
diseases and host-pathogen interaction
Cell Biology: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and cell
growth control; Cell-Cell communication, Cell signaling and signal transduction
Molecular Biology and Genetics: Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes;
Mutations and mutagenesis; Nucleic acid replication, transcription, translation
and their regulatory mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Mendelian
inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and
chromosome mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Microbial genetics
(plasmids, transformation, transduction, conjugation); Horizontal gene transfer
and Transposable elements; RNA interference; DNA damage and repair; Chromosomal
variation; Molecular basis of genetic diseases
Analytical Techniques: Principles of microscopy-light, electron,
fluorescent and confocal; Centrifugation-high speed and ultra; Principles of
spectroscopy-UV, visible, CD, IR, FTIR, Raman, MS,NMR; Principles of
chromatography- ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction,
affinity, GC,HPLC, FPLC; Electrophoresis; Microarray
Immunology: History of Immunology; Innate, humoral and cell mediated
immunity; Antigen; Antibody structure and function; Molecular basis of antibody diversity;
Synthesis of antibody and secretion; Antigen-antibody reaction; Complement;
Primary and secondary lymphoid organ; B and T cells and macrophages; Major
histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation;
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; Regulation of immune response; Immune
tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction.
Bioinformatics: Major bioinformatics resources and search tools; Sequence and
structure databases; Sequence analysis (biomolecular sequence file formats, scoring
matrices, sequence alignment, phylogeny);Data mining and analytical tools for
genomic and proteomic studies; Molecular dynamics and simulations (basic
concepts including force fields, protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid,
protein-ligand interaction)
Section 3: Recombinant DNA Technology
Restriction
and modification enzymes; Vectors; plasmid, bacteriophage and other viral
vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, yeast artificial chromosome; mammalian and plant
expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library; Gene isolation, cloning and
expression ; Transposons and gene targeting; DNA labeling; DNA sequencing;
Polymerase chain reactions; DNA fingerprinting; Southern and northern blotting;
In-situ hybridization; RAPD, RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; Gene transfer
technologies; Gene therapy
Section 4: Plant and Animal Biotechnology
Totipotency;
Regeneration of plants; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; Tissue culture
and Cell suspension culture system: methodology, kinetics of growth and,
nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites by plant suspension cultures; Hairy
root culture; transgenic plants; Plant products of industrial importance
Animal
cell culture; media composition and growth conditions; Animal cell and tissue
preservation; Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; Kinetics of
cell growth; Micro & macro-carrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Stem cell
technology; Animal cloning; Transgenic animals
Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
Chemical
engineering principles applied to biological system, Principle of reactor
design, ideal and non-ideal multiphase bioreactors, mass and heat transfer;
Rheology of fermentation fluids, Aeration and agitation; Media formulation and
optimization; Kinetics of microbial growth, substrate utilization and product
formation; Sterilization of air and media; Batch, fed-batch and continuous
processes; Various types of microbial and enzyme reactors; Instrumentation
control and optimization; Unit operations in solid-liquid separation and
liquid-liquid extraction; Process scale-up, economics and feasibility analysis
Engineering
principle of bioprocessing- Upstream production and downstream; Bioprocess
design and development from lab to industrial scale; Microbial, animal and
plant cell culture platforms; Production of biomass and primary/secondary
metabolites; Biofuels, Bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics;
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